Adderall
- 全部名称:
- 安非他明,缓释安非他明,Mydayis、安非他明和右旋安非他明、Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis、amphetamine and dextroamphetamine
- 适 应 症:
- 嗜睡症
- 上市状态:
- 已批准上市
- 生产药企:
- 无
- 规格:
什么是Adderall?
< p >阿德拉(Adderall)用于治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和嗜睡症。阿德拉含有安非他明和右旋安非他明的组合。安非他明和右旋安非他明是中枢神经系统刺激剂,它们会影响大脑和神经中导致多动和冲动控制的化学物质。< /p >< p >阿德拉也可用于本药物指南未列出的目的。< /p >
与Adderall类似的药物都有哪些?
警告提示
Adderall 可能会产生依赖性,并且这种药物是被滥用的。 如果您有药物或酒精滥用的问题,请告知您的医生。
兴奋剂在高血压、心脏病或心脏缺陷的人群中已经引起了中风、心脏病发作和突然死亡。
如果您在过去14天内使用过单胺氧化酶抑制剂(如异羧肼、利奈唑胺、苯乙肼、雷沙吉兰、司来吉兰或盐酸司来吉兰)或接受过亚甲蓝注射,则不要使用此药。
如果您有抑郁、精神疾病或双相情感障碍的历史,Adderall 可能会引起新的或恶化的精神病(异常思维或行为)。
您可能会出现血液循环问题,导致手指或脚趾麻木、疼痛或变色。
如果您出现以下症状,请立即联系您的医生: 心脏问题的症状 - 胸痛、感到头晕或呼吸短促; 精神病症状 - 妄想、攻击性、新的行为问题、看到或听到不存在的事物; 血液循环问题的症状 - 手指或脚趾上不明原因的伤口。
如果您患有青光眼、甲状腺功能亢进、严重躁动、中度至重度高血压、心脏病或冠状动脉疾病、血管疾病或有药物或酒精成瘾的历史,可能无法使用 Adderall。
Adderall的副作用有哪些?
如果您出现对安非他明的过敏反应迹象,请立即寻求紧急医疗帮助:荨麻疹;呼吸困难;脸部、嘴唇、舌头或喉咙肿胀。
安非他明可能会引起严重的副作用。如果您有以下症状,请立即联系医生:
- 心脏问题的迹象 - 胸痛、呼吸困难、感觉可能晕倒;
- 精神病的迹象 - 幻觉(看到或听到不真实的事物)、新的行为问题、攻击性、敌意、偏执狂;
- 血液循环问题的迹象 - 麻木、疼痛、冷感、无法解释的伤口或手指或脚趾皮肤颜色变化(苍白、红色或蓝色);
- 癫痫(抽搐);
- 肌肉抽搐(抽动);或
- 视力变化。
如果您出现血清素综合征的症状,请立即就医:如坐立不安、幻觉、发热、出汗、颤抖、心率加快、肌肉僵硬、抽搐、协调障碍、恶心、呕吐或腹泻。
安非他明可能会影响儿童的生长发育。如果您的孩子在使用此药期间没有正常生长,请告知您的医生。
安非他明的常见副作用可能包括:
- 胃痛;
- 食欲减退;
- 体重减轻;
- 情绪变化;
- 感到紧张;
- 心率加快;
- 头痛;
- 头晕;
- 睡眠问题(失眠);或
- 口干。
这并不是副作用的完整列表,其他副作用也可能发生。请向医生咨询有关副作用的医疗建议。
特别注意事项
如果您在过去14天内使用过单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAO抑制剂),则不应使用此药。可能会发生危险的药物相互作用。MAO抑制剂包括异卡波肼、利奈唑胺、亚甲蓝注射液、苯乙肼、雷沙吉兰、司来吉兰、反苯环丙胺等。
如果您对任何兴奋剂药物过敏,则可能无法使用Adderall。如果您有以下情况,您可能也无法使用Adderall:
- 青光眼;
- 甲状腺功能亢进;
- 严重的焦虑或烦躁(兴奋剂药物可能会使这些症状加重);
- 高血压;
- 心脏病或冠状动脉疾病;
- 血管疾病或动脉硬化;或者
- 药物或酒精成瘾的历史。
某些药物可能会与安非他明和右旋安非他明相互作用,并引起一种称为血清素综合征的严重状况。请告知您的医生您正在使用的所有其他药物。请务必让您的医生知道您是否还使用阿片类药物、草药产品或用于治疗抑郁症、精神疾病、帕金森病、偏头痛、严重感染或预防恶心和呕吐的药物。在改变您如何或何时服用药物之前,请咨询您的医生。血清素综合征的症状可能包括烦躁不安、幻觉(听到或看到不存在的东西)、昏迷、心跳加快、头晕、出汗、发热感、肌肉僵硬或震颤、抽搐、恶心、呕吐或腹泻。如果您出现这些症状,请立即停止使用Adderall。
兴奋剂药物已在某些人中导致中风、心脏病发作和猝死。 告知您的医生您是否有:
心脏问题或先天性心脏病;
高血压;或者
心脏病或猝死的家族史。
为了确保Adderall对您是安全的,请告诉您的医生您或您的家人是否曾经有过:
抑郁、焦虑、精神疾病、双相情感障碍、精神病、攻击性问题、自杀想法或行为;
运动抽动(肌肉抽搐)或图雷特综合症;
癫痫或癫痫发作;
异常的脑电图(EEG);或者
肝脏或肾脏疾病;或者
手或脚血液循环问题。
怀孕期间使用Adderall可能会导致早产、低出生体重或新生儿戒断症状。如果您怀孕或计划怀孕,请告知您的医生。
Adderall中的药物(安非他明和右旋安非他明)可以进入母乳并可能对哺乳婴儿造成伤害。您在使用这种药物期间不应进行母乳喂养。
Adderall不适用于3岁以下的任何人。
哪些其他药物会影响Adderall?
在使用胃酸药物(包括Alka-Seltzer或碳酸氢钠)之前,请咨询医生。这些药物可能会影响您身体对安非他命(Adderall)的吸收,并可能导致副作用增加。
请告知您的医生您目前正在使用的所有药物以及任何开始或停止使用的药物,特别是:
布匹瑞林、锂盐、选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI,包括西酞普兰、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林等)、三环类抗抑郁药(如阿米替林)或其他用于治疗抑郁症或精神疾病的药物;
降压药;
胃灼热药物;
血液稀释剂,如华法林、可迈丁、詹托芬;
含有减充血剂的感冒或过敏药物;
阿片类(麻醉性)药物;或
抗癫痫药物。
此列表并不完整,许多其他药物可以与安非他命发生相互作用。这包括处方药和非处方药、维生素以及草药产品。请向所有治疗您的医疗保健提供者提供您正在使用的所有药物的清单。
Adderall的用法用量
Take Adderall exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Adderall may be habit-forming. Never share this medicine with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. Selling or giving away this medicine is against the law.
Read all patient information, medication guides, and instruction sheets provided to you. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
You may take Adderall with or without food, first thing in the morning.
Do not crush, chew, break, or open an extended-release capsule. Swallow it whole.
To make swallowing easier, you may open the capsule and sprinkle the medicine into a spoonful of applesauce. Swallow right away without chewing. Do not save the mixture for later use.
While using this medicine, your doctor will need to check your progress at regular visits. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using this medicine.
Adderall can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using this medicine.
Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
Keep track of your medicine. Adderall is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if anyone is using your medicine improperly or without a prescription.
Usual Adult Dose of Adderall for Attention Deficit Disorder:
IR:
-Initial Dose: 5 mg orally 1 or 2 times a day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
-Maximum Dose: Only in rare cases will it be necessary to exceed 40 mg per day.
XR:
Patients starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication:
-Initial Dose: 20 mg orally once a day
Comments:
-IR: The first dose should be given upon awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if continued therapy is required.
Use: As part of a total treatment program for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Usual Adult Dose of Adderall for Narcolepsy:
IR:
-Initial Dose: 10 mg orally per day in divided doses
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 10 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
Comments:
-The first dose should be given on awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-The usual dose is 5 to 60 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the individual patient response.
-Dosage should be reduced if bothersome adverse reactions (e.g., insomnia, anorexia) appear.
Use: Narcolepsy treatment
Usual Pediatric Dose of Adderall for Attention Deficit Disorder:
IR:
Age 3 to 5 Years:
-Initial Dose: 2.5 mg orally per day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 2.5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
Age 6 to 17 Years:
-Initial Dose: 5 mg orally 1 or 2 times a day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
-Maximum Dose: Only in rare cases will it be necessary to exceed 40 mg per day.
XR:
Age 6 to 12 Years (starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication):
-Initial Dose: 5 or 10 mg orally once a day in the morning
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 to 10 mg increments at weekly intervals.
-Maximum Dose: 30 mg/day
Age 13 to 17 Years (starting treatment for the first time or switching from another medication):
-Initial Dose: 10 mg orally once a day
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be increased to 20 mg/day after one week if symptoms are not adequately controlled.
-Maximum Dose: 30 mg/day
Comments:
-IR: The first dose should be given on awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if continued therapy is required.
Use: As part of a total treatment program for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Usual Pediatric Dose of Adderall for Narcolepsy:
IR:
Age 6 to 11 Years:
-Initial Dose: 5 mg orally per day in divided doses
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
Age 12 Years and Older:
-Initial Dose: 10 mg orally per day in divided doses
-Maintenance Dose: Daily dose may be raised in 10 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained.
Comments:
-The first dose should be given on awakening; 1 to 2 additional doses should be given at intervals of 4 to 6 hours.
-The usual dose is 5 to 60 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the individual patient response.
-Dosage should be reduced if bothersome adverse reactions (e.g., insomnia, anorexia) appear.
-Narcolepsy rarely occurs in children under 12 years of age.
Use: Narcolepsy treatment
如果我错过了一次应该怎么办?
如果您记得漏服时还早,应立即补服药物,但如果接近傍晚则应跳过漏服的剂量。不要为了弥补漏服的剂量而额外服用药物。
如果我使用过量了应该怎么办?
立即寻求紧急医疗救助。 Adderall(安非他明)过量可能是致命的。
过量症状可能包括坐立不安、震颤、肌肉抽搐、呼吸急促、混乱、幻觉、恐慌、攻击性、肌肉疼痛或无力,以及尿液颜色变深。这些症状之后可能会出现抑郁和疲倦。其他过量症状包括恶心、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛、心律不齐、感觉头晕、昏厥、癫痫发作(抽搐)或昏迷。
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