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Bupropion

全部名称:
安非他酮、安非他酮(商品名:威博隽、威智、畅郁欣、赞安诺、阿普伦辛、布德品XL、福丽康续释)、bupropion、Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Aplenzin, Budeprion XL, Forfivo XL
适 应 症:
抑郁症
上市状态:
已批准上市
生产药企:
规格:
处方药物
关注度 关注度   3103

什么是Bupropion?

安非他酮是一种用于治疗抑郁症和季节性情感障碍的抗抑郁药物,它还支持戒烟和体重管理。安非他酮是威博隽(Wellbutrin)、齐兰(Zyban)中的活性成分,Auvelity含有安非他酮和右美沙芬,Contrave则含有安非他酮和纳曲酮。安非他酮改善情绪调节和尼古丁渴望,当与纳曲酮联合使用时,有助于减少食物摄入。

安非他酮的作用机制被认为包括改变大脑中某些化学物质的水平,如去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺。

安非他酮于1985年12月30日首次获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的批准。

与Bupropion类似的药物都有哪些?

警告提示

如果你有癫痫、饮食失调或突然停止使用酒精、抗癫痫药物或镇静剂,则不应服用安非他酮。例如,如果你因抑郁症正在服用安非他酮(如威博隽Wellbutrin),则不应再因体重控制而服用康特沃Contrave。

在使用单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAO抑制剂)前14天内或停药后14天内,不要使用安非他酮。例如,你不能在使用异羧烟肼、利奈唑胺、亚甲蓝注射液、苯乙肼、拉沙吉灵、司来吉兰或反苯环丙胺等MAO抑制剂的前后14天内使用安非他酮。

一些年轻人(24岁以下)在首次服用此药时可能会产生自杀的想法。请注意你的情绪或症状的变化,并向医生报告任何新的或恶化的症状。

你应该知道,即使你是24岁以上的成年人,或者你没有精神疾病而服用安非他酮治疗其他类型的疾病,你的心理健康也可能在服用安非他酮或其他抗抑郁药时以意想不到的方式发生变化。你可能会变得具有自杀倾向,特别是在开始治疗时或剂量增加或减少时。如果你出现以下任何症状,请立即告知医生:新的或恶化的抑郁;有伤害或杀死自己的想法,或计划或尝试这样做;极度焦虑;烦躁不安;恐慌发作;难以入睡或保持睡眠;攻击性行为;易怒;不假思索地行动;严重的坐立不安;以及狂躁的异常兴奋。确保你的家人或看护者知道哪些症状可能是严重的,这样如果自己无法寻求治疗,他们可以及时联系医生。

这种药物可能会引起癫痫发作,特别是对于有某些医疗状况或正在使用某些药物的人来说。请告知医生你所有的医疗状况和所使用的药物。

安非他酮可导致轻度瞳孔扩大,这可能导致窄角型青光眼发作,尤其在有易感个体中。未经治疗的解剖学上窄角的患者在接受抗抑郁药物治疗时曾发生过窄角型青光眼。

Bupropion的副作用有哪些?

常见副作用

最常见的副作用可能包括:

  • 口干、喉咙痛、鼻塞;
  • 耳鸣;
  • 视力模糊;
  • 恶心、呕吐、胃痛、食欲不振、便秘;
  • 睡眠问题(失眠);
  • 震颤、出汗、感到焦虑或紧张;
  • 心跳加快;
  • 混乱、易怒、敌对;
  • 皮疹;
  • 体重减轻;
  • 尿频;
  • 头痛、头晕;或肌肉或关节疼痛。

严重副作用

如果您出现以下任何过敏反应迹象,请立即寻求紧急医疗帮助:(荨麻疹、瘙痒、发热、淋巴结肿大、呼吸困难、面部或喉咙肿胀)或严重的皮肤反应(发热、喉咙痛、眼睛灼热、皮肤疼痛、红斑或紫色皮疹伴有水疱和脱皮)。

请向您的医生报告任何新出现或恶化的症状,如:情绪或行为变化、焦虑、抑郁、恐慌发作、睡眠障碍,或者您感到冲动、易怒、烦躁不安、敌对、好斗、坐立不安、过度活跃(精神上或身体上)、更加抑郁,或有自杀或自伤的想法。

如果您出现以下情况,请立即致电您的医生:

  • 癫痫(抽搐);
  • 混乱、情绪或行为异常变化;
  • 视力模糊、隧道视觉、眼睛疼痛或肿胀,或看到光晕;
  • 心率过快或不规则;或
  • 躁狂症发作——思维奔逸、能量增加、行为鲁莽、感觉极度高兴或易怒、话多、严重的睡眠问题。

这并非副作用的完整列表,其他副作用也可能发生。关于副作用,请咨询您的医生。您也可以向FDA报告副作用,电话号码为1-800-FDA-1088。

特别注意事项

如果你在过去的14天内使用过单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAO抑制剂),则不要使用这种药物。可能会发生危险的药物相互作用。MAO抑制剂包括异羧肼、利奈唑胺、亚甲蓝注射液、苯乙肼、雷沙吉兰、司来吉兰、反苯环丙胺等。

如果你对这种药物过敏或有以下情况之一,则不应使用这种药物:

  • 癫痫发作性疾病;
  • 如厌食症或暴食症等进食障碍;或
  • 如果你突然停止使用酒精、抗癫痫药或镇静剂(如阿普唑仑、地西泮、复方苯巴比妥、氯硝西泮等)。

不要同时用这种药物治疗多个病症。如果你因抑郁症而服用安非他酮,也不要同时用这种药物戒烟或进行体重管理。

在使用这种药物时,请告诉医生你所有的医疗状况和正在使用的药物。

为了确保这种药物对你安全,在使用这种药物前,请告知医生你是否有过:

  • 头部受伤、癫痫发作或大脑或脊髓肿瘤;
  • 闭角型青光眼;
  • 心脏病、高血压或心脏病发作;
  • 糖尿病;
  • 肾脏或肝脏疾病(尤其是肝硬化);
  • 抑郁、双相情感障碍或其他精神疾病;或
  • 如果你饮酒。

一些年轻人在刚开始服用抗抑郁药时会想到自杀。你需要定期去看医生以检查你的病情进展。你的家人或其他看护人也应该注意你情绪或症状的变化。

妊娠

如果你怀孕或计划怀孕,请与你的医疗保健提供者讨论这种药物对你未出生婴儿的风险。目前尚不清楚这种药物是否会伤害未出生的婴儿。如果你怀孕了,请立即告知医生。未经医生建议,不要开始或停止服用安非他酮。

如果你怀孕了,你的名字可能会被列入一个妊娠登记簿,以跟踪这种药物对你婴儿的影响。

哺乳

如果你正在哺乳或计划在服药期间哺乳,请告知你的医疗保健提供者。这种药物会进入母乳。请与你的医疗保健提供者讨论在使用这种药物期间喂养宝宝的最佳方式。

哪些其他药物会影响Bupropion?

在使用安非他酮期间,如果你使用某些其他药物,你可能有更高的癫痫发作风险。

许多药物可以与安非他酮发生相互作用。请告知医生你正在使用的所有药物,以及在治疗过程中开始或停止使用的药物。这包括处方药、非处方药、维生素和草药产品。

一些与安非他酮相互作用的药物示例为:

  • 地高辛:可能会降低血浆中地高辛的水平。监测地高辛水平。
  • 单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOIs): 当与该药物同时使用时,增加高血压反应的风险。
  • 降低癫痫阈值的药物:谨慎使用安非他酮。
  • CYP2B6诱导剂: 如果与CYP2B6诱导剂(例如利托那韦、洛匹那韦、依法韦仑、卡马西平、苯巴比妥和苯妥英)共同给药,则基于临床反应可能需要增加剂量,但不应超过最大推荐剂量。
  • 通过CYP2D6代谢的药物: 安非他酮抑制CYP2D6,并可增加抗抑郁药(如文拉法辛、去甲替林、丙咪嗪、去甲替林、帕罗西汀、氟西汀、舍曲林)、抗精神病药(如氟哌啶醇、利培酮、硫利达嗪)、β-阻滞剂(如美托洛尔)和I类抗心律失常药(如普罗帕酮、氟卡尼)的浓度。当与安非他酮一起使用时,这些药物的剂量减少可能是必要的。
  • 多巴胺能药物(左旋多巴和金刚烷胺): 当与这种药物同时使用时,可能发生中枢神经系统毒性。

本药品指南中未列出所有可能的相互作用。

Bupropion的用法用量

Take bupropion exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Too much of this medicine can increase your risk of a seizure.

Do not crush, chew, or break tablets. Swallow the tablet whole.

Take bupropion with food if the medication upsets your stomach. 

If you have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, do not take tablets too close to bedtime. 

Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of this medicine and gradually increase your dose.

It may take 4 weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of this medicine. Continue to take your tablets even if you feel well. Do not stop taking this medicine without talking to your doctor. Your doctor may decrease your dose gradually.

You should not change your dose or stop using bupropion suddenly unless you have a seizure while taking this medicine. Stopping suddenly can cause unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.

Ask your doctor how to stop using bupropion safely.

Some people taking bupropion have severe high blood pressure, especially when using a nicotine replacement product (patch or gum). Your blood pressure may need to be checked before and during treatment with this medicine.

This medicine can cause you to have a false positive drug screening test ( amphetamines). If you provide a urine sample for drug screening, tell the laboratory staff you are taking this medicine.

For smoking cessation.

If you take bupropion to help you stop smoking, you may continue to smoke for about 1 week after you start the medicine. Set a date to quit smoking during the second week of treatment. Talk to your doctor if you are having trouble quitting after you have used bupropion for at least 7 to 12 weeks.

Your doctor may prescribe a nicotine replacement product (such as patches or gum) to help you stop smoking. Start using the nicotine replacement product on the same day you stop (quit) smoking or using tobacco products.

You may have nicotine withdrawal symptoms when you stop smoking, including increased appetite, weight gain, trouble sleeping, trouble concentrating, slower heart rate, having the urge to smoke, and feeling anxious, restless, depressed, angry, frustrated, or irritated. These symptoms may occur with or without using medication such as bupropion.

Smoking cessation may also cause new or worsening mental health problems, such as depression.

Usual Adult Bupropion Dose for Depression:


Immediate-release tablets:

  • Initial dose: 100 mg orally twice a day, increase if necessary after 3 days to 100 mg orally three times a day.
  • Maintenance dose: 100 mg orally three times a day
  • Maximum dose: 450 mg/day in up to 4 divided doses; single doses should not exceed 150 mg
  • Immediate-release tablets should be given at least 6 hours apart.
  • Dose increases of the immediate-release tablet should not exceed 100 mg per day in a 3-day period.

Sustained-release tablets:

  • Initial dose: 150 mg orally once a day in the morning, increase if necessary after 3 days to 150 mg orally twice a day.
  • Maintenance dose: 150 mg orally twice a day
  • Maximum dose: 400 mg/day; maximum single dose should not exceed 200 mg
  • Sustained-release oral tablets should be given at least 8 hours apart

Extended-release tablets:

  • Initial dose: 150 mg orally once a day in the morning, increase if necessary after 4 days to 300 mg orally once a day.
  • Maintenance dose: 300 mg orally once a day
  • Maximum dose: 450 mg/day
  • Extended-release oral tablets should be given at least 24 hours apart

Comments:

So as not to exceed the maximum single dose of 150 mg for immediate-release tablets, a dose of 100 mg orally four times a day (using the 100 mg tablet) may be administered.
Patients who are taking 300 mg/day for at least 2 weeks (OR are currently taking 450 mg/day) of any formulation may be switched to the extended-release 450 mg dose.
Bupropion hydrobromide 174 mg oral tablet is equivalent to bupropion hydrochloride 150 mg.
Patients should be periodically reviewed to determine the need for maintenance treatment and the appropriate dose for such treatment.

Usual Adult Bupropion Dose for Seasonal Affective Disorder:


Extended-release tablets:

  • Initial dose: 150 mg orally once a day in the morning, increased if necessary after 7 days to 300 mg orally once a day
  • Maintenance dose: 150 to 300 mg orally once a day
  • Maximum dose: 300 mg/day

Comments:

Treatment should be initiated in the autumn prior to the onset of depressive symptoms, continued through the winter season, and discontinued in early spring.
If bupropion hydrochloride 300 mg orally per day is not tolerated, it should be reduced to 150 mg once a day before discontinuing treatment.
Patients taking bupropion hydrochloride 300 mg orally per day during the autumn-winter season should have their dose tapered to 150 mg once a day for 2 weeks prior to discontinuation.
The timing of initiation and treatment duration for seasonal affective disorder should be individualized according to the patient's historical pattern of seasonal major depressive episodes.

Usual Adult Dose for Smoking Cessation:


Sustained-release tablets:

  • Initial dose: 150 mg orally once a day for 3 days, increased to 150 mg orally twice a day
  • Maintenance dose: 150 mg orally twice a day
  • Maximum dose: 300 mg/day; maximum single dose should not exceed 150 mg
  • Duration of therapy: 7 to 12 weeks

Comments:
Begin dosing one week before quit day; the target stop date should be set within the first 2 weeks of treatment, preferably in the second week.
There should be an interval of at least 8 hours between doses.
May be used with a nicotine transdermal system.
If there is no effect after 12 weeks, treatment should be discontinued; longer treatment should be guided by the relative benefits and risks for the individual patient.

如果我错过了一次应该怎么办?

如果您记得漏服时立即服用。如果快到下次 scheduled 剂量的时间,则跳过漏服的剂量。不要额外服用药物来弥补漏服的剂量。

如果我使用过量了应该怎么办?

请立即寻求紧急医疗救助。布普罗宁过量可能是致命的。过量症状可能包括肌肉僵硬、幻觉、心跳加快或不规则、呼吸浅表或昏厥。

注:布普罗宁(bupropion)应为安非他酮(bupropion),是一种抗抑郁药。

如何贮存

在室温下保存,20°至25°C(68°至77°F)。

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