Colchicine

秋水仙碱是一种口服的、从植物中提取的处方生物碱，来源于秋水仙（也称为草地番红花，Colchicum autumnale）干燥的种子。根据不同的品牌或通用名，它可用于：

• 治疗和预防成人痛风发作（Colcrys，通用名）
• 预防16岁及以上成人和儿童的痛风发作（Colcrys，Gloperba，Mitigare，通用名）
• 治疗贝赫切特病（BD）的症状，如红斑、肿胀或疼痛（通用名）
• 治疗4岁及以上的成人和儿童家族性地中海热（FMW）（Colcrys）
• 降低患有心脏病或有高风险发展成心脏病的成年人的心肌梗死、中风和心血管死亡的风险（Lodoco片剂）。

秋水仙碱不是镇痛药，不应用于治疗其他原因引起的疼痛。

秋水仙碱的作用机制尚未完全明了。然而，人们认为它的作用机制是通过干扰白细胞中的一个触发炎症的过程并阻止它们迁移到炎症区域来减少尿酸结晶引起的炎症反应。秋水仙碱不会影响尿酸的生成或排泄。

秋水仙碱最初于1961年获得批准，并在联邦法规要求FDA审查所有上市药物产品之前就已经开发出来。秋水仙碱也可能被用于上述未列出的其他目的。

• Atorvastatin
• Cyanocobalamin
• Empagliflozin
• Evolocumab
• Ezetimibe
• Fish Oil
• Liraglutide
• Niacin
• Timolol
• Victoza
• Nexletol
• Ginkgo Biloba
• Lipitor
• Invokana
• Glyxambi
• Kerendia
• Crestor
• Juxtapid
• Welchol
• Naproxen

The most common side effects of colchicine are gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal (stomach) pain

Serious side effects and warnings

Do not take colchicine if you have liver or kidney problems and you take certain other medicines. Serious side effects, including death, have been reported in these patients even when taken as directed.

Blood problems (such as myelosuppression, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and aplastic anemia) have been reported (have happened in some people taking colchicine. Get medical help right away if you have a pale or gray color to your lips, tongue, or palms of your hands; feel weak or tired; unusual bleeding or bruising; or increased infections

Muscle weakness has happened in some people taking colchicine. Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms muscle weakness or pain, numbness, or tingling in your fingers or toes.

Colchicine can cause serious side effects or death if levels of colchicine are too high in your body. Get medical help right away if you have:

• Muscle weakness or pain
• Numbness or tingling in your fingers or toes
• Unusual bleeding or bruising
• Increased infections
• Feel weak or tired
• Pale or gray color to your lips, tongue, or palms of your hands
• Severe diarrhea or vomiting.

These are not all of the possible side effects of colchicine For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Taking certain medicines with colchicine can cause your level of colchicine to become too high, especially if you have kidney or liver problems.

Even medicines that you take for a short period, such as antibiotics, can interact with colchicine and cause serious side effects or death. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take:

• atazanavir sulfate (Reyataz)
• clarithromycin (Biaxin)
• cyclosporine (Neoral, Gengraf, Sandimmune)
• darunavir (Prezista)
• digoxin
• fosamprenavir (Lexiva) with or without ritonavir
• indinavir (Crixivan)
• itraconazole (Sporanox)
• ketoconazole (Nizoral)
• lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra)
• nefazodone (Serzone)
• nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept)
• ritonavir (Norvir)
• saquinavir mesylate (Invirase)
• telithromycin (Ketek)
• tipranavir (Aptivus).

Using colchicine with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (such as simvastatin, atorvastatin, or pravastatin), gemfibrozil, and fenofibric acid or cyclosporine may potentiate the development of muscle problems, including muscles weakness, or fatigue.

Co-administration of colchicine with dual CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitors (such as clarithromycin or cyclosporine) has resulted in life-threatening interactions and death.

Grapefruit and grapefruit juice may also interact and should not be consumed during colchicine treatment.

Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you are not sure if you take any of the medicines listed above. This is not a complete list of all the medicines that can interact with Colchicine. See the colchicine prescribing information for a complete list. Do not start a new medicine without talking to your healthcare provider.

Take colchicine exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it. If you are not sure about your dosing, call your healthcare provider.

• Colchicine tablets, capsules, or the solution can be taken with or without food.
• Measure Gloperba liquid with an accurate milliliter measuring device. A household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device. Ask your pharmacist to recommend a measuring device and for instructions on how to measure the correct dose.

Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, are often the first sign of colchicine toxicity. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if new symptoms develop.

If you have a gout flare while taking colchicine daily, report this to your healthcare provider.

Do not stop taking colchicine even if you start to feel better unless your healthcare provider tells you.

If you take colchicine daily and you miss a dose, then take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, just skip the missed dose. Take the next dose at your regular time. Do not take two doses at the same time.

If you take too much colchicine, go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.

Fatal overdoses have been reported with colchicine in adults and children. Keep out of the reach of children.

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